✔ Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases
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Cardiovascular Disease 2022.
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Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases
The diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is an essential aspect of modern medicine, because these diseases are worldwide one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. The laboratory diagnosis plays a Central role by providing objective and quantifiable data for the early detection, classification, and Monitoring of diseases of the cardiovascular system is essential.
Important Laboratory Parameters
To the core of relevant laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases include:
Cardiac Biomarkers:
Troponins (I and T): a Specific Marker for myocardial damage. An increase in troponin values indicates a myocardial infarktion.
CK‑MB (creatine kinase‑MB): One of the traditional markers of myocardial damage, however, less specific as Troponins.
BNP (B‑natriuretic peptide) and NT‑proBNP: Who will be paid in case of increased ventricular pressure (e.g., heart failure), and serve as a Marker for heart failure diagnosis.
Lipid spectrum:
Total Cholesterol
LDL‑cholesterol (bad cholesterol)
HDL‑cholesterol (good cholesterol)
Triglycerides
The analysis of the lipid spectrum allows for the assessment of the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Inflammatory markers:
C‑reactive Protein (CRP), A General Marker for systemic inflammation, which may be in atherosclerosis increases.
HS‑CRP (high sensitive CRP): Is used for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk.
Renal function parameters:
Creatinine
eGFR (estimated glomerulär filtration rate)
As heart and kidney function are closely linked to each other (Cardiorenal Syndrome), these parameters in patients with heart failure is of great importance.
Electrolytes:
Potassium (K
+
)
Sodium (Na
+
)
Magnesium (Mg
2+
)
Changes in Electrolyte levels can cause heart arrhythmias and other cardiac problems.
Methods of laboratory analysis
The laboratory tests are carried out using different analytical methods:
Immunoassays: Used for the measurement of Troponinen, BNP and other biomarkers. High sensitivity and specificity allow for an early diagnosis.
Spectrophotometry: the determination of lipids and CRP use.
Ion-selective electrodes For the measurement of electrolytes in the Serum or Plasma.
Enzymatic methods: for example, for the determination of creatine kinase activity.
Clinical relevance and Interpretation of
The accurate Interpretation of laboratory results requires a combined approach, taking into account the clinical symptoms, medical history and other diagnostic procedures (ECG, echocardiography, stress tests, etc.). For example, an elevated troponin level is not able to set itself the cause of myocardial damage, but requires a further differential diagnostic evaluation.
In addition, it is important to take into account the limits and reference areas, which can vary depending on age, gender, and the used measurement method.
Conclusion
Laboratory methods are an indispensable tool for diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Through the measurement of specific biomarkers, lipids, inflammatory parameters and electrolytes Doctors can assess the cardiovascular risk of acute events such as myocardial infarction recognition and treatment of chronic diseases such as congestive heart failure to effectively monitor. The continuous development of laboratory methods to enable increasingly more accurate and faster diagnoses, what is the patient care improved significantly.
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Constant high levels of stress can disturb the blood flow and blood pressure and can damage vessels, and you may experience dizziness, extreme fatigue, or body aches with no wish to get out of bed. This stress-induced fatigue can make your blood pressure high and needs to be monitored.
Not all cases of high Blood pressure present symptoms of headaches. However, when there is a sudden surge in blood pressure, it can cause a headache. The headache feels like throbbing pain and occurs on both sides of the head. It gets worse with physical activity. (It’s also a sign of a medical emergency). Fill in the table of cardiovascular diseases. The high mortality of cardiovascular diseases. for high blood pressure. Disability in cardiovascular diseases. Una sa lahat, ang mga Beta-blocker ay karaniwang ibinibigay sa mga pasyente na may heart failure, aortic aneurysm, pagkatapos ng myocardial infarction, at sa mga kababaihan na nasa edad ng pagbubuntis, lalo na sa mga kababaihang nagpaplano ng pagbubuntis. Madalas matanggap ng katawan ang Beta-blocker, pero maaari rin itong magdulot ng pantal sa balat at bradycardia – sobrang bagal ng tibok ng puso.
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